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The Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) API allows Java programmers to access data from any database. You can use the JDBC API to access almost any data source, from relational databases to spreadsheets and flat files. JDBC technology also provides a common foundation for the development of tools and alternate interfaces.

Packages of JDBC API:

The JDBC API is divided into two packages:

• java.sql
• javax.sql

java.sql package:

The java.sql package provides an API for using the Java programming language to access and process data stored in a data source (typically a relational database). This API includes a framework for dynamically installing different drivers to access various data sources.

Important classes & interfaces of java.sql:

classes/interface	Description
java.sql.BLOB	An SQL BLOB(Binary Large Object) value’s representation (mapping) in the Java programming language.
java.sql.Connection	creates a connection (session) with a specific database.
java.sql.CallableStatement	Execute stored procedures
java.sql.CLOB	Provide the mapping in the Java programming language for the SQL CLOB (Character Large Object) type.
java.sql.Date	Provide support for Date SQL type.
java.sql.Driver	create the interface that every driver class must implement.
java.sql.DriverManager	Provides the basic service for managing a set of JDBC drivers.
java.sql.PreparedStatement	Used to create and execute parameterized queries.
java.sql.ResultSet	It is an interface that provides methods to access the result row-by-row.
java.sql.Savepoint	specify the representation of a savepoint, which is a point within the current transaction that can be referenced from the Connection.rollback method.
java.sql.SQLException	Encapsulate all JDBC-related exceptions and provides information on a database access error or other errors.
java.sql.Statement	This interface is used to execute SQL statements.
DatabaseMetaData	In-depth information about the database as a whole.
DriverAction	When a Driver needs to be notified by DriverManager, this interface must be implemented.
ResultSetMetaData	An object that can be used to get information about the types and properties of the columns in a ResultSet object.
RowId	The representation (mapping) in the Java programming language of an SQL ROWID value.
SQLData	The interface is used to create a custom mapping from a SQL user-defined type (UDT) to a Java class.
SQLInput	An input stream containing a stream of values representing an instance of a SQL structured type or a SQL distinct type.
SQLOutput	The output stream for writing user-defined type attributes back to the database.
SQLType	An object that identifies a generic SQL type, also known as a JDBC type or a vendor-specific data type.
SQLXML	The mapping in the JavaTM programming language for the SQL XML type.
Statement	The object is used for executing a static SQL statement and returning the results it produces.
Struct	The standard mapping in the Java programming language for an SQL structured type.
Wrapper	Interface for JDBC classes which provide the ability to retrieve the delegate instance when the instance in question is a proxy class.

javax.sql package:

This package provides an API for accessing and processing server-side data sources from the Java programming language.

Important classes & interfaces of javax.sql:

classes/interface	Description
javax.sql.ConnectionEvent	An Event object that provides information about the source of a connection-related event.
javax.sql.ConnectionEventListener	An object that registers to be notified of events generated by a PooledConnection object.
javax.sql.DataSource	provides a connection factory for the physical data source represented by this DataSource object.
javax.sql.PooledConnection	provide objects to manage connection pools.
CommonDataSource	This interface defines the methods that are shared by DataSource, XADataSource, and ConnectionPoolDataSource.
RowSet	The interface that adds support to the JDBC API for the JavaBeans™ component model.
RowSetInternal	A RowSet object implements this interface in order to present itself to a RowSetReader or RowSetWriter object.
RowSetListener	An interface that must be implemented by any component that wishes to be notified when a significant event occurs during the lifetime of a RowSet object.
RowSetMetaData	A RowSet object that contains information about the columns.
RowSetReader	The method used by a disconnected RowSet object to populate itself with rows of data.
RowSetWriter	A writer is an object that implements the RowSetWriter interface.
StatementEventListener	An object that registers to receive notifications when events occur on PreparedStatements in the Statement pool.
XAConnection	An object that supports distributed transactions.
XADataSource	Internally used factory for XAConnection objects.

Note: also read about the What is JDBC?

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