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What is Data?

Data is nothing more than raw, unfiltered facts and statistics that are stored or freely flowing through a network. When processed, data transforms into information, which gives it meaning.

What is a Database?

A database is a group of connected data that facilitates effective data retrieval, insertion, and deletion. The data is organized in the database using tables, views, schemas, reports, etc. For instance, a university database organizes information about students, faculty, administrative staff, etc., enabling effective data retrieval, insertion, and deletion.

What is a Database Management System?

System software for generating and managing databases is known as a database management system (DBMS). End users can create, protect, read, update, and remove data in a database with the aid of a database management system (DBMS). The most common kind of data management platform, DBMS effectively acts as an interface between databases and users or application programs, making sure that data is continually organized and continues to be available.

Characteristics of a DBMS:

A contemporary DBMS contains the following attributes:

• Real-world entities are used to develop the architecture of current DBMSs, which are more realistic. It also makes advantage of the behaviour and characteristics. For instance, students might be used as an entity and their age as an attribute in a school database.
• Relationship-based tables DBMS enables the creation of tables from relationships between entities. A user can determine a database’s design just by glancing at the table names.
• Every relation in a database must be constant for there to be consistency. There are ways and procedures for spotting attempts to leave databases in an inconsistent state.
• Isolation of application and data: A database system is fully distinct from its data. When compared to data, which the database organizes and works on, a database is an active entity.
• DBMS adheres to the principles of Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability (ACID) (normally shortened as ACID). These ideas are put to use in transactions that change data in databases. In contexts with multiple transactions and the event of failure, ACID features assist the database remain stable.
• Multiple views: DBMS provides a variety of views for various users. A user working in the sales department will see the database differently from a user in the production department. With the help of this function, users can focus on a specific area of the database to meet their needs.
• Security is provided to some extent by features like multiple views, which prevent users from accessing the data of other users and departments. When putting data into the database and retrieving it afterward, DBMS provides ways to set restrictions.

Benefits of using a DBMS:

• data abstraction and independence;
• data security;
• a locking mechanism for concurrent access;
• an efficient handler to balance the needs of multiple applications using the same data;
• the ability to swiftly recover from crashes and errors;
• strong data integrity capabilities;
• logging and auditing of activity;
• simple access using a standard API; and
• uniform administration procedures for data.

Common examples of popular DBMS used currently:

• MySql
• Oracle
• SQL Server
• IBM DB2
• PostgreSQL
• Amazon SimpleDB (cloud-based) etc.

Note: also read about Table Joins – MySQL

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