A minor typing error can result in an error in any programming language as we must follow the syntax rules when coding in any programming language.

Python Errors:

We can make mistakes when writing a program that causes errors when we run it. When a Python program encounters an unhandled error, it crashes. An exception is a Python object that represents an error. The various types of Python errors are broadly classified as follows:

• Syntax errors
• Logic errors

Syntax Errors:

This is the most common and basic type of error scenario. The most common cause of an error in a Python program is the incorrect use of a statement. A syntax error, also known as a parsing error, is a type of error like this. The Python interpreter reports it quickly, usually with an explanation.

Example:

print"Hello world"

Output:

File "<string>", line 1
    print"Hello world"
         ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

Example:

a = 10
if a < 20
    print('Value of a less than 20')

Output:

File "<string>", line 3
    if a < 20
            ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

 What is an Exception?

In contrast to syntax errors, exceptions are types of errors that occur as a result of code malfunctioning during execution. Exceptions are errors that occur during execution. In Python, all the exception classes are derived from the BaseException class.

Example:

print(5/0)

Output:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero

It can be seen that dividing five by zero results in ZeroDivisionError, which is a child of the ArithmeticError class.

Python Exception Message Decoding:

• Traceback: In the exception message, the term Traceback means that Python has traced back the code to the point where the exception occurred and will show the related messages after this line.
• File “<string>”, line 1, in <module>: this line tells us the name of the python file and the exact line number for the code due to which the exception was generated.
• ZeroDivisionError: This is the type of exception that has occurred.

In-built Python Exception:

Now that we understand what an exception is, let’s look at a list of Python exceptions. Try to recall if you’ve ever encountered any of these Python exceptions as you read the list.

Exception	Cause of Error
AssertionError	When an assert statement fails, an error is raised.
ArithmeticError	It specifies when a numerical calculation error occurs.
AttributeError	This exception is thrown when an attribute assignment or reference fails.
EOFError	When the input() method comes across an “end of file” situation, it throws an error (EOF)
FloatingPointError	When a floating-point calculation fails, this error is generated.
GeneratorExit	When the close() method of a generator is called, this variable is raised.
ImportError	When the imported module cannot be found, this exception is thrown.
IndexError	When the index of a sequence is out of range, this value is raised.
KeyError	When a key is not found in a dictionary, this error is raised.
KeyboardInterrupt	When the user pushes Ctrl+C, Ctrl+Z, or Delete, this exception is thrown.
MemoryError	When a program runs out of memory, an error is generated.
NameError	When a variable is not discovered in the local or global scope, this exception is raised.
NotImplementedError	Raised through abstract methods.
OSError	When a system operation results in a system-related error, this flag is raised.
OverflowError	When the result of a numerical calculation is too huge, an error is raised.
ReferenceError	This Is an Exception When a weak reference object does not exist, an error is raised.
RuntimeError	When an error does not fit into any of the other categories, it is raised.
StopIteration	Raised by the next() function to indicate that the iterator has no more items to return.
SyntaxError	When a syntax problem occurs, the parser raises this exception.
IndentationError	It raises an error when the indentation is incorrect.
TabError	It raises an error when the indentation consists of tabs or spaces.
SystemError	It is triggered when a system error occurs.
SystemExit	The sys.exit() function raised this exception.
TypeError	When a function or operation is applied to an object of the wrong type, this exception is raised.
UnboundLocalError	When a reference to a local variable in a function or method is made but no value is bound to that variable, an exception is raised.
UnicodeError	When a Unicode-related encoding or decoding problem occurs, this flag is raised.
UnicodeEncodeError	When a Unicode-related problem occurs during encoding, this flag is raised.
UnicodeDecodeError	When a Unicode-related error occurs while decoding, this flag is raised.
UnicodeTranslateError	It defines an error. When there is an issue with a Unicode translation, this flag is raised.
ValueError	When there is an incorrect value in a specified data type, this exception is raised.
ZeroDivisionError	When the second operator in a division is zero, an error is raised.

If necessary, we can even define our own exceptions in Python. We can manage these built-in and user-defined exceptions in Python using try, except, and finally statements.

Note: also read about Static Keyword in Python

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