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A design pattern is a reusable solution to a commonly occurring problem in software design. They are not finished, ready-to-use pieces of code but rather templates or blueprints that can be adapted for a specific situation. Developers use these formalized best practices to write more structured, efficient, and maintainable code. Analogy: A cooking recipe Why design […]

Factory Method is a creational design pattern that deals with the object creation. It separates the object creation logic from the client code, which makes the system more flexible and maintainable. Instead of instantiating objects directly using a constructor, it passes the responsibility to another method, which is called a factory method. In contrast, if […]

DSA Sheet

You are given two singly linked lists that intersect at some node. Your task is to find and return the first intersecting node.

DSA Sheet

A builder plans to construct N houses in a row, where each house can be painted in K different colors. The goal is to minimize the total painting cost, ensuring that no two adjacent houses have the same color.

DSA Sheet

Find the length of the longest absolute path to a file within the abstracted file system. The length is measured in characters.

DSA Sheet

You manage an e-commerce website and need to keep track of the last N order IDs in a log. Design a data structure that supports the following operations efficiently:

DSA Sheet

You are given a stream of elements that is too large to fit into memory. Write an algorithm to select a random element from the stream with equal probability

DSA Sheet

The formula for the area of a circle is given by πr². Use the Monte Carlo method to approximate the value of π to three decimal places.

DSA Sheet

Given an integer k and a string s, write a function to determine the length of the longest substring in s that contains at most k distinct characters.

DSA Sheet

There is a staircase with N steps, and you can ascend either 1 step or 2 steps at a time. Write a function to calculate the number of unique ways to climb the staircase. The sequence of steps matters.