An operator is a symbol that instructs the compiler to perform particular mathematical or logical operations. C++ has a wide range of built-in operators, including the following:

Types of operators:

• Arithmetic Operators
• Relational Operators
• Logical Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Assignment Operator
• Unary operator
• Ternary or Conditional Operator
• Misc Operator

Arithmetic Operators:

These operators are used on the operands to perform arithmetic or mathematical operations. For example, ‘+’ is used for addition, ‘-‘ for subtraction, ‘*’ for multiplication, and so on. Arithmetic Operators can be further classified into 2 Types:

• Unary Operators– These operators operate or work with a single operand.
• Binary Operators– These operators operate or work with two operands.

Operator	Description	Example A=10 B=20
+	Adds two operands	A + B will give 30
–	Subtracts the second operand from the first	A – B will give -10
*	Multiplies both operands	A * B will give 200
/	Divides numerator by de-numerator	B / A will give 2
%	Modulus Operator and the remainder of after an integer division	B % A will give 0
++	Increment operator increases integer value by one	A++ will give 11
—	The decrement operator decreases integer value by one	A- – will give 9

Relational Operators:

The values of two operands are compared using these operators. For example, ‘>’ determines whether one operand is greater than the other, and so on. The outcome is a Boolean value, either true or false.

Operator	Description	Example A=10 B=20
==	Checks whether the values of two operands are equal; if they are, the condition is satisfied.	(A == B) is not true.
!=	Checks whether the values of two operands are equal; if the values are not equal, the condition is true.	(A != B) is true.
>	If the value of the left operand is greater than the value of the right operand, the condition is true.	(A > B) is not true.
<	If the value of the left operand is less than the value of the right operand, the condition is true.	(A < B) is true.
>=	If the value of the left operand is greater than or equal to the value of the right operand, the condition is true.	(A >= B) is not true.
<=	If the value of the left operand is less than or equal to the value of the right operand, the condition is true.	(A <= B) is true.

Logical Operators:

These operators are used to combine two or more conditions or constraints, as well as to supplement the evaluation of the original condition in question. The outcome is a Boolean value, either true or false.

Operator	Description	Example A=1 B=0
&&	Known as the Logical AND operator. If both operands are non-zero, the condition is satisfied.	(A && B) is false.
||	Known as the Logical OR Operator. If either of the two operands is non-zero, the condition is satisfied.	(A || B) is true.
!	Called the Logical NOT Operator. Use to reverse the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true, the Logical NOT operator returns false.	!(A && B) is true.

Bitwise Operators:

These operators are used on the operands to perform bit-level operations. The operators are first converted to bit-level, and then the operands are calculated. For faster processing, mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and so on can be performed at the bit level. For instance,

Operator	Description	Example A=60 B=13
&	If a bit exists in both operands, the binary AND operator copies it to the result.	(A & B) will give 12 which is 0000 1100
|	If a bit exists in both operands, the binary OR operator copies it.	(A | B) will give 61 which is 0011 1101
^	If a bit is set in one operand but not both, the binary XOR operator copies it.	(A ^ B) will give 49 which is 0011 0001
~	Binary Ones Complement Operator is a unary operator that ‘flips’ bits.	(~A ) will give -61 which is 1100 0011 in 2’s complement form due to a signed binary number.
<<	Left Shift Binary Operator -The value of the left operand is shifted left by the number of bits specified by the right operand.	A << 2 will give 240 which is 1111 0000
>>	Right Shift Binary Operator The value of the left operand is shifted right by the number of bits specified by the right operand.	A >> 2 will give 15 which is 0000 1111

Assignment Operator:

These operators are used to give a variable a value. The assignment operator’s left operand is a variable, and the assignment operator’s right operand is a value.

Operator	Description	Example
=	In a straightforward assignment operator, Values are assigned from the right side operands to the left side operands.	C = A + B will assign value of A + B into C
+=	Add the assignment operator AND, It adds the right operand by the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.	C += A is equivalent to C = C + A
-=	Subtract AND assignment operator, It subtracts the right operand from the left operand and assigns the result to left operand.	C -= A is equivalent to C = C – A
*=	Multiply AND assignment operator, It multiplies right operand with the left operand and assigns the result to left operand.	C *= A is equivalent to C = C * A
/=	Divide AND assignment operator divides left operand with the right operand and assigns the result to left operand.	C /= A is equivalent to C = C / A
%=	Modulus AND assignment operator, It takes modulus using two operands and assigns the result to left operand.	C %= A is equivalent to C = C % A
<<=	Left shift AND assignment operator.	C <<= 2 is same as C = C << 2
>>=	Right shift AND assignment operator.	C >>= 2 is same as C = C >> 2
&=	Bitwise AND assignment operator.	C &= 2 is same as C = C & 2
^=	Bitwise exclusive OR and assignment operator.	C ^= 2 is same as C = C ^ 2
|=	Bitwise inclusive OR and assignment operator.	C |= 2 is same as C = C | 2

Ternary or Conditional Operators(?:):

The ternary if-else?: operator takes three operands.

Syntax:

Expression1? Expression2: Expression3

Misc Operators:

Aside from the operators mentioned above, C++ has a few more common operators.

Operator	Operator Description
sizeof	sizeof operator returns the size of a variable. For example, sizeof(a), where ‘a’ is integer, and will return 4.
,	Comma operator causes a sequence of operations to be performed. The value of the entire comma expression is the value of the last expression of the comma-separated list.
. (dot) and -> (arrow)	Member operators are used to reference individual members of classes, structures, and unions.
Cast	Casting operators convert one data type to another. For example, int(2.2000) would return 2.
&	Pointer operator & returns the address of a variable. For example &a; will give actual address of the variable.
*	Pointer operator * is pointer to a variable. For example *var; will pointer to a variable var.

Note: also read about the Variables in C++

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