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Operators in JAVA

method overloading and method overriding

The operators in Java represent the operations, i.e, operators perform operations on the operands.

Let us discuss the various operators in Java.

Arithmetic Operators:
  • These operators are for basic arithmetic operations
  • They are additions, subtraction, multiplication, division, and remainder.
  • Each of these operators is binary, i.e, it requires two values (operands) to calculate the final answer.
OperatorsDescription
+adds two operands, example:
int a=2,b=4;
int c=a+b;

output: c=6
subtract two operands, example:
int a=2,b=4;
int c=b-a;

output: c=2
*multiply two operands, example:
int a=2,b=4;
int c=a*b;

output: c=8
/divides two operands and provides their quotient, example:
int a=2,b=4;
int c=b/a;

output: c=2
%divides two operands and provides their remainder, example:
int a=2,b=4;
int c=b%a;

output: c=0
Unary Operators:
  • Operators that act on one operand are known as unary operators.
  • incrementing/decrementing a value by one
  • negating an expression
  • inverting the value of a boolean
Operator CategoryDescription
++, – –prefixIncrement and decrement
example:
int x=5,y=3;
++x; –y;
output:
x=6 y=2;
postfixIncrement and decrement
example:
int x=5,y=3;
x++; y–;
output:
x=6 y=2;
~ prefixnegate an expression
example:
int a=8;
~a;
output:a=-9
!prefixinvert boolean value.
example:
boolean a=true;
!a;
output: a=false
Binary Operators:
  • Operators that act upon two operands are referred to as Binary Operators.
  • The operands of the binary operator are distinguished as left or right operands
  • These are the same as the Arithmetic operators.
Logical Operators:
  • These are used to check conditions.
  • These are of six types. They are:
OperatorUseReturns true if
&&x && yx and y are both true, conditionally evaluates y
||x || yeither x or y is true, conditionally evaluates y
!!xx is false.
&x and y are both true, and always evaluate x and y.
|x | yeither x or y is true, always evaluates x and y.
^x ^ yif x and y are different – that is if one or the other of the operands is true but not both.
Relational Operator:
  • These operators represent the relationship that operands can have.
  • Java provides six relational operators.
  • It returns a boolean value.
OperatorUseDescription
comparison<true if right operand is greater than left operand, otherwise false.
>true if left operand is greater than right operand, otherwise false.
<= true if right operand is greater or equal to left operand, otherwise false.
>= true if left operand is greater or equal to right operand, otherwise false.
equality==returns true if both operands are equal, otherwise false.
!=returns if both operands are not equal, otherwise false.
Assignment Operator:
  • These operands allow us to assign one value to another operand;
Assignment= += -= *= /= %= &= ^= |= <<= >>= >>>=
  • The +=, -=, *=, etc are called shorthand operators which simplify the code as it assigns as well as evaluates the value. For instance,
x+=10; //this is same as x=x+10;
Shift Operators:
  • Shift operators perform bit manipulation on data by shifting the bits of its first operand right or left.
OperatorUseDescription
>>x>>yshift bits of x right by y bits
<<x<<yshift bits of x left by y bits
>>>x>>>yFor positive number, >> and >>> works same 
For negative number, >>> changes parity bit (MSB) to 0  
Bitwise Operator:
  • The bitwise operators work with integral types
  • They are sometimes referred to as logical operators when working with boolean values.
OperatorUseDescription
&x&yBitwise and
|x|ybitwise or
^x^ybitwise xor
~~ybitwise complement
Other Operators:
OperatorDescription
? :Shortcuts if-else statement
[]Used to declare arrays, create arrays, and access array elements
.Used to form qualified names
(params)Delimits a comma-separated list of parameters
(type)Casts(converts) a value to a specified type
newCreates a new object or a new array
instanceofDetermines whether its first operand is an instance of its second operand

Note: also read about the Byte Code in Java

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