Operators in JAVA

The operators in Java represent the operations, i.e, operators perform operations on the operands.

Let us discuss the various operators in Java.

Arithmetic Operators:

• These operators are for basic arithmetic operations
• They are additions, subtraction, multiplication, division, and remainder.
• Each of these operators is binary, i.e, it requires two values (operands) to calculate the final answer.

Operators	Description
+	adds two operands, example: int a=2,b=4; int c=a+b; output: c=6
–	subtract two operands, example: int a=2,b=4; int c=b-a; output: c=2
*	multiply two operands, example: int a=2,b=4; int c=a*b; output: c=8
/	divides two operands and provides their quotient, example: int a=2,b=4; int c=b/a; output: c=2
%	divides two operands and provides their remainder, example: int a=2,b=4; int c=b%a; output: c=0

Unary Operators:

• Operators that act on one operand are known as unary operators.

• incrementing/decrementing a value by one
• negating an expression
• inverting the value of a boolean

Operator	Category	Description
++, – –	prefix	Increment and decrement example: int x=5,y=3; ++x; –y; output: x=6 y=2;
	postfix	Increment and decrement example: int x=5,y=3; x++; y–; output: x=6 y=2;
~	prefix	negate an expression example: int a=8; ~a; output:a=-9
!	prefix	invert boolean value. example: boolean a=true; !a; output: a=false

Binary Operators:

• Operators that act upon two operands are referred to as Binary Operators.
• The operands of the binary operator are distinguished as left or right operands
• These are the same as the Arithmetic operators.

Logical Operators:

• These are used to check conditions.
• These are of six types. They are:

Operator	Use	Returns true if
&&	x && y	x and y are both true, conditionally evaluates y
||	x || y	either x or y is true, conditionally evaluates y
!	!x	x is false.
&		x and y are both true, and always evaluate x and y.
|	x | y	either x or y is true, always evaluates x and y.
^	x ^ y	if x and y are different – that is if one or the other of the operands is true but not both.

Relational Operator:

• These operators represent the relationship that operands can have.
• Java provides six relational operators.
• It returns a boolean value.

Operator	Use	Description
comparison	<	true if right operand is greater than left operand, otherwise false.
	>	true if left operand is greater than right operand, otherwise false.
	<=	true if right operand is greater or equal to left operand, otherwise false.
	>=	true if left operand is greater or equal to right operand, otherwise false.
equality	==	returns true if both operands are equal, otherwise false.
	!=	returns if both operands are not equal, otherwise false.

Assignment Operator:

• These operands allow us to assign one value to another operand;

Assignment

= += -= *= /= %= &= ^= |= <<= >>= >>>=

• The +=, -=, *=, etc are called shorthand operators which simplify the code as it assigns as well as evaluates the value. For instance,

x+=10; //this is same as x=x+10;

Shift Operators:

• Shift operators perform bit manipulation on data by shifting the bits of its first operand right or left.

Operator	Use	Description
>>	x>>y	shift bits of x right by y bits
<<	x<<y	shift bits of x left by y bits
>>>	x>>>y	For positive number, >> and >>> works same  For negative number, >>> changes parity bit (MSB) to 0

Bitwise Operator:

• The bitwise operators work with integral types
• They are sometimes referred to as logical operators when working with boolean values.

Operator	Use	Description
&	x&y	Bitwise and
|	x|y	bitwise or
^	x^y	bitwise xor
~	~y	bitwise complement

Other Operators:

Operator	Description
? :	Shortcuts if-else statement
[]	Used to declare arrays, create arrays, and access array elements
.	Used to form qualified names
(params)	Delimits a comma-separated list of parameters
(type)	Casts(converts) a value to a specified type
new	Creates a new object or a new array
instanceof	Determines whether its first operand is an instance of its second operand

Note: also read about the Byte Code in Java

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