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What is 5NF? The fifth normal form, or 5NF, is also called the project-join normal form. If a relation is in 4NF and does not have lossless decomposition into smaller tables, it is in Fifth Normal Form (5NF). If redundancy is avoided, 5NF is satisfied when all tables are divided into as many tables as […]
March 12, 2023 | DBMS | No comments
What is 4NF? A level of database normalisation known as the fourth normal form (4NF) is one in which a candidate key is the only non-trivial multivalued dependency. It advances the Boyce-Codd Normal Form and the first three normal forms (1NF, 2NF, and 3NF) (BCNF). It specifies that a database shall not have more than […]
March 3, 2023 | DBMS | No comments
What is BCNF? The Boyce-Codd Normal Form also referred to as the 3.5 Normal Form, is an extension of the third normal form. In relational database design, the Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) is a stricter normal form than the third normal form (3NF). Rules for BCNF: Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) rules are as follows: Every […]
March 1, 2023 | DBMS | No comments
What is Third Normal Form? The third step in Normalization is 3NF. For a table to be in third normal form, it needs to satisfy the following conditions: For every non-trivial function dependency X → Y. X is a super key. Y is a prime attribute, i.e., each element of Y is part of some […]
February 28, 2023 | DBMS | No comments
What is 2NF? The second step in Normalization is 2NF. A table must meet two requirements to be in the second normal form: The relation must be in the 1NF. In the second normal form, all non-key attributes are entirely functionally dependent on the primary key Let’s see, what we mean by dependency. What are […]
February 28, 2023 | DBMS | No comments
Let’s look at the first normal form in detail from the previous lecture where we saw a brief overview of the normal forms. First Normal Form (1NF) is the first level of normalization in database design. It ensures that the data in a table is organized in a way that avoids redundancy and anomalies. The […]
February 26, 2023 | DBMS | No comments
What is Database Normalization? A database design technique called normalization reduces data duplication and gets rid of undesirable traits like Insertion, Update, and Deletion Anomalies. Using relationships, normalization rules break up larger tables into smaller tables. SQL normalization serves the dual purpose of removing unnecessary (repetitive) data and ensuring logical data storage. Why is normalization […]
February 25, 2023 | DBMS | No comments
What are the Keys in DBMS? In DBMS, KEYS is an attribute or set of attributes that aid in relational row (tuple) identification (table). You can use them to discover the connection between two tables. By combining one or more of the table’s columns, keys enable you to uniquely identify each row in the table. […]
February 24, 2023 | DBMS | No comments
The ER (Entity-Relationship) model is a graphical representation used to design databases. On the other hand, the relational model is a mathematical representation that outlines the connections between database tables. After creating the system’s ER diagram, we must translate it into relational models, which can be instantly implemented by any RDBMS, such as Oracle, MySQL, […]
February 23, 2023 | DBMS | No comments
A non-procedural query language called relational calculus is used to retrieve data from relational databases. Thanks to this mathematical based system, users can describe what they want to retrieve from a database without specifying how to do so. Note: There are two types of quantifiers: Universal Quantifiers: The universal quantifier, denoted by ∀, is read as […]
February 22, 2023 | DBMS | No comments