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A file is a medium for storing data or information. The sequence of bytes provided as input to the executing program and the sequence of bytes returned by the executing program is referred to as streams. File handling is the process of storing data permanently in a computer. We can store data in secondary memory […]
November 1, 2022 | C++ | No comments
What is an Exception? An exception is a problem that arises during the execution of a program. A C++ exception is a response to an exceptional circumstance that arises while a program is running What is Exception Handling? In C++, exception handling is the process of dealing with runtime errors. We handle exceptions so that […]
October 31, 2022 | C++ | No comments
Let’s see examples of operator overloading in C++ for various types of operators. Examples: 1) Add given timestamps by overloading + operator setTime() function is used to set HR, MIN and SEC values. showTime() function displays the time in a specific format (HH:MM:SS). We add the seconds, minutes, and hours separately to get the new time […]
October 30, 2022 | C++ | No comments
What is Operator Overloading? Operator overloading is a compile-time polymorphism in which the operator is overloaded to provide the user-defined data type with a special meaning. Most of the operators available in C++ are overloaded or redefined using operator overloading. It’s used to run an operation on a user-defined data type. Operators that can be […]
October 29, 2022 | C++ | No comments
What is a Virtual Destructor? Deleting a derived class object with a non-virtual destructor using a pointer of the base class type results in undefined behavior. While deleting instances of the derived class using a base class pointer object, a virtual destructor is used to free up the memory space allocated by the derived class […]
October 28, 2022 | C++ | No comments
What are Pure Virtual Functions? A pure virtual function is a virtual function in C++ that does not require any function definition and is only declared. It is declared by assigning a value of 0 to the declaration. For instance, What is an Abstract Class? In C++, an abstract class has at least one pure […]
October 27, 2022 | C++ | No comments
A virtual function is a member function declared in a base class that is re-defined (overridden) by a derived class. When you use a pointer or a reference to the base class to refer to a derived class object, you can call a virtual function for that object and execute the derived class’s version of […]
October 26, 2022 | C++ | No comments
What is Polymorphism? The term “polymorphism” refers to having multiple forms. Polymorphism is defined as the ability of a message to be displayed in more than one form. There are two types of polymorphism: Compile-time Polymorphism. Runtime Polymorphism. Method Overriding: Function overriding is a concept in C++ that allows us to define a function with the […]
October 26, 2022 | C++ | No comments
Upcasting is the process of creating the derived class’s pointer or reference from the base class’s pointer or reference. It refers to the process of converting a derived class’s reference or pointer to a base class’s reference or pointer. Upcasting is a safer casting technique than downcasting. It supports public inheritance, which allows references to […]
October 26, 2022 | C++ | No comments
If we inherit a class from another class and create an object of the derived class, it is obvious that the derived class’s default constructor will be invoked, but first, the default constructors of all base classes will be invoked. The data members and member functions of the base class are automatically included in the derived […]
October 23, 2022 | C++ | No comments